Samantaray S.R.2025-02-17201334http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2242205https://idr.iitbbs.ac.in/handle/2008/374This paper presents a data-mining model for fault-zone identification of a flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS)-based transmission line including a thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power-flow controller (UPFC), using ensemble decision trees. Given the randomness in the ensemble of decision trees stacked inside the random forests model, it provides effective decision on fault-zone identification. Half-cycle postfault current and voltage samples from the fault inception are used as an input vector against target output '1' for the fault after TCSC/UPFC and '-1' for the fault before TCSC/UPFC for fault-zone identification. The algorithm is tested on simulated fault data with wide variations in operating parameters of the power system network, including noisy environment providing a reliability measure of 99% with faster response time (3/4th cycle from fault inception). The results of the presented approach using the RF model indicate reliable identification of the fault zone in FACTS-based transmission lines. � 1986-2012 IEEE.enDistance relayingfault-zone identificationrandom forests (RFs)support vector machine (SVM)thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC)unified power-flow controller (UPFC)Article