Roy L.; Mondal B.; Neese F.; Ye S.2025-02-1720211http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788015844-00197https://idr.iitbbs.ac.in/handle/2008/3685Conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels and value-added fine chemicals has gained much attention in recent years to meet the ever-rising global energy demand and hence develop a sustainable solar fuel economy. This chapter enumerates feasible catalytic routes through which CO2 could be utilized as a C1 feedstock. First, we address CO2 functionalization catalysed by metal-free reagents and electrochemical CO2 reduction mediated by organocatalysts and heterogeneous metal surfaces. Next, the reaction pathways undertaken by homogeneous molecular catalysts are highlighted; in particular, non-noble earth-abundant 3d transition metal-based complexes. At the end, we discuss our recent three case studies on two-electron reduction of CO2, namely, CO2 reductive disproportionation to CO and CO32-, and CO2 hydrogenation to HCOO-/HCOOH. Here, we emphasize how mechanistic insights obtained by computational investigations could provide important guidelines to design tailored CO2 reduction catalysts with higher efficiency and enhanced product selectivity. � 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry.enBook chapter