Heat, Mass, Momentum and Charge Transport

Abstract

This chapter provides a summary of the physical movement of material, energy and momentum into, out of and within process systems which is also generally known in the literature as Transport Phenomena encompassing Momentum Transfer, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer. Any transition between states, whether they are physical or chemical, necessitates changes in heat and/or mass. As a result, heat and mass transfer must be considered simultaneously when explaining dynamic process systems. The detailed discussion covers the primary constitutive and conservation equations associated with the transfer phenomenon, as well as their corresponding analogies. Flow phenomena primarily relevant to metallurgical systems are addressed. The rates of change in chemical and electrochemical systems and changes in state and associations at an atomic scale are also discussed. � 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.