Dynamics of Clogging in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Abstract

Subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF CWs) are increasingly used globally for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. However, clogging of the filter bed is the main operational and maintenance risk of SSF CWs for the long-term stable treatment of wastewater. Recently, many studies have reported various strategies to combat clogging in wetland beds. To ensure the appropriate implementation of the developed strategies, a thorough understanding of the mechanism of clogging is required. Currently, there is no appropriate analytical review article that gives insight into wetland clogging and its mechanisms. Therefore, this article aims to review the major types of clogging, such as physical, chemical, and biological clogging, their mechanisms, field investigations, and clogging remedial measures. This article will provide insights into wetland clogging and will enable prospective researchers and engineers to use suitable measures against clogging for its effective alleviation. � 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.